- Monatomic ion ion composed of a single atom polyatomic ion ion composed of more than one atom. Chemistry End of Section Exercises. Covalent Compounds. Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: SiCl 4, PCl 3, CaCl 2, CsCl, CuCl 2, and CrCl 3.
- Monatomic Ion Versus Monatomic Atom. Technically, a monatomic ion is a form of monatomic atom. However, the term 'monatomic atom' usually refers to neutral atoms of elements. Examples include atoms of krypton (Kr) and neon (Ne). While krypton, neon, and other noble gases typically exist as monatomic atoms, they rarely form ions.
- A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of exactly one atom. If an ion contains more than one atom, even if these are of the same element, it is called a polyatomic ion. For example, calcium carbonate consists of the monatomic ion Ca 2+ and the polyatomic ion CO 3 2−.
The approaching trend is related to a few substances: monatomic (or monoatomic) and diatomic particles. The classic knowledge teaches us that the three phases of matter are gasses, liquids, and solids (but at this moment in that place are the newer plasmas, condensates and fluid crystals). A certain number of solids crystallize into arrangements we term metals. What we have not been taught by mainstream education is the existence of another form of matter termed “monatomic.”
Monatomic anion, the exceptions are cyanide, hydroxide, and peroxide di. Two or double (i.e., as with dichromate, double the numeric subscripts on the chromate ion and reduce the oxygen by one; retain charge) SOME COMBINED IONS HS-hydrogen sulfide NH 4 PO 4 2-ammonium phos-phate HC 2 O 4-hydrogen oxalate Fe(CN) 6 3-hexacyanoferrate.
Monatomic elements are furthermore known as ORMUS and m-state elements, and according to the latest theories of science and nature they give an account in this definite area of inquiry that more or less uncompounded atoms on the periodic chart have the ability be diatomic (two atoms) or small atomic “condensates,” that are known in the scientific community as “Bose-Einstein Condensates.” These materials are also widely known as “m-state” atoms. However the popular term “monatomic molecules” is technically incorrect, because if they were “glued” together as molecules (the simplest structural unit of a compound), they would not consist of single atoms (be monatomic) at all, but would be in their more conventionally known metallic state.
The main part of the periodic chart of elements consists of the “transition elements,” meaning they can transform from metallic to monatomic or diatomic by way of chemical usage or through alternative methods (that some would call “shadow chemistry” or “arcane chemistry” or “alchemy”). Gold for instance, can have metallic properties when two or more atoms of gold form a micro cluster, and ceramic properties when divided into separate atoms as in the case of monatomic (monoatomic) or white powder gold in its “ormus” state. When gold exists in the chemically inert (monatomic) state of separate atoms, its ceramic properties are said to exhibit superconductive effects at human body temperatures. The chemically inert properties of monatomic elements make it possible to safely ingest them for great benefits to the physiology and general well-being.
Users of these monatomic ions are describing a long list of benefits, including increased stamina and energy, improved sex drive, better immunity, looking and feeling younger, and increased mental ability and concentration. They obviously seem extremely happy with the results they’re experiencing. The reason for these benefits is due to the ability of monatomic elements to enhance the biological reactions occurring at the cellular level, and at the energetic and electrical fields.
Super-health starts inside the cells of the body. The reactions necessary to create these surprising materials produces a great deal of hydrogen. When more hydrogen in the body is present, the surface tension of liquid water is minimized. After taking any water-based liquid with low surface tension of the water molecule, the effect also reduces the surface tension of the cellular walls allowing greater nutritional absorption and a more efficient utilization of oxygen which replaces carbon dioxide which would otherwise be stuck in the cells.
The communication of cells can occur not only by the conventionally known methods of chemicals (such as hormones) and electrical impulses, but by more recently discovered means involving the photons of light. The human body is a dynamic bioelectric organism not only requiring the unimpeded conduction of bioelectrical circuitry but also an exchange of a “pure” form of information similar to light by means of optical fiber.
The superconducting properties of these atoms transform our bodies at the cellular level, including our organs, muscles and tissues of the brain and nervous system, into superconductors of a much higher flow of photons because monoatomics are, in a manner of speaking, a “liquid” light or a “powder” of light. In a sense, the presence of monoatomic particles inside the body changes the entire bioelectro-chemical organism from being “strung” with simple copper wiring to being “installed” with fiber optics, which can carry thousands of times more information than an equivalent amount of electric wiring. If too great an amount is consumed, one can certainly feel almost overwhelmed with too much energy. There is no doubt about its effects! This energizing effect is caused by an increased electrical output of one’s metabolic process under the influence or presence of these “superconducting” elements. This effect is completely different from the usual caffeine and/or sugar rush of conventional beverages. However it is more in tune with the effect of vitamins and herbs to increase metabolic efficiency, yet still quite different in that it operates on a much finer and more ubiquitous level. According to experiments done through Kirlian photos, the “power” of output tells an amazing story. This power output seems to increase after the ingestion of a monatomic formula showing that the electric field, or electromagnetic aura of the individual actually does increase in size and intensity. In 1989 nuclear physicists discovered that atoms of certain elements exist in micro groups. These are small groups of two to several hundred atoms. Most of the transition group precious metals in the center of the periodic table have a monatomic state. If you have more than a specified number of these atoms in a micro cluster, the atoms will organize themselves into a lattice structure with metallic properties. If you have less than the critical number of atoms needed to form a structure, they exist as monatomic atoms with ceramic properties. Monatomic atoms are not held in place by the exchange of electrons of neighboring atoms as are atoms in a classical lattice. The critical number of atoms for rhodium is nine (9) and the critical number of gold atoms is two (2). Only two or more gold atoms in a micro cluster will present metallic properties. However, if you have nine (9) or fewer rhodium atoms in a micro cluster, the micro group spontaneously brakes down to become a group of monatomic rhodium atoms. You might wonder why gold has one level of dissolution and rhodium another. This is a question for nuclear scientists to ponder. Monatomic elements also have no valence electrons available for reactions with other substances. In other words, monatomic elements have many properties similar to ceramic substances which are chemically inert. Analytical chemistry methods, which require the existence of valence electrons, cannot be used to identify any atom existing in a monatomic state. However, there must be some kind of shadow chemistry which still involves monoatomic atoms. David Hudson, a famous researcher in the field of transitional elements, identified the same color changes in monatomic chemistry that occur in metallic chemistry. Similar chemical reactions still may occur with monatomic elements but to a much lower degree. Chemical reactions which take a few days with metallic chemistry may take months or years with monatomic atoms involving some kind of “shadow chemistry” or “alchemy.” If the above statement is true, then what exactly is the actual process at work here? Are there really no valence electrons available for reactions with monatomic atoms? Also simply calling whatever kind of reactions, if any, that might be occurring a “shadow chemistry” or “alchemy” does not help to define the phenomena either. These discoveries are recent enough not to be found in any textbooks yet, and the full implications have not yet been evaluated by the scientific community. We have learned so far that a metallic element tends to be chemically active (tending to rust or corrode) and a relatively good conductor of electricity and temperature changes, while monatomic elements of the same kind acts more like a ceramic in that they poorly conduct electricity and heat and have only neutral chemical properties. And, according to Hudson, under certain conditions at room temperature, monatomic atoms act like superconductors. However, Dr. Kogan at the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Earth’s in Kiev, does not agree with all of Hudson’s discoveries as being valid. Nevertheless, Russian scientists from that same Institute do agree that those atoms in a lattice pattern that react as metals, also exhibit ceramic properties while in a monatomic state. A detailed critique of Hudson’s findings from that source would be interesting to study. Monatomic particles of all the heavy elements from the central section of the periodic table of the elements have been found. These elements exhibit “half filled” bands of valence electrons and given as follows along with their atomic number (of protons) in brackets: Ruthenium (44), Rhodium (45), Palladium (46), Silver (47), Osmium (76), Iridium (77), Platinum (78), and Gold (79). Micro clusters of many other metallic elements in this same part of the periodic table have also been discovered. As long as these elements are not locked into a lattice, their characteristics behave quite differently than the same atoms that are locked. In other words, it is the grouping of atoms which define their qualities rather than just the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus as previously assumed. If these atoms are not locked into a network or grouping of material, their properties are no longer metallic even though having identical atoms! Monatomic particles are an entirely new phase of matter hidden throughout the universe, remaining unknown for such a long time right under the noses of scientists without detection until very recently because they are impossible to detect by any normal analytical techniques. Such a form of material would simply be a scientific curiosity if it were not for the fact that Hudson claims massive amounts of this substance exists throughout the earth’s crust and that their properties are so mysterious in some ways and amazingly beneficial in others. In order to find monatomic particles, one has to first convert them back to their normal metallic state to make it possible for them to be detected with conventional methods. This rather serious limitation to the way these particles can be detected explains why so much of the earth’s matter exists in a previously undiscovered form. No conventional detection techniques involving the interaction with their valence electrons can be used to find monatomic elements. As long as the valence electrons remain unavailable, the atoms remain unidentifiable and the only way to begin to identify this stealth material is know what you are looking for in the first place. We now understand that the monatomic form of an element exhibits physical characteristics and other peculiarities which are entirely different from its metallic form. According to classical literature, one of these curious properties is that the white powder exhibits a fluorescence, another is its behavior as a superconductor at human body temperature, causing it to “ride” on the earth’s magnetic field, giving it the powers of levitation. Because the weight of these elements vary widely with the magnetic field of the environment and the temperature, it is impossible to measure their actual gravity. Under some influences, monoatomic material weighs less than zero! Another truly amazing aspect is how much benefit and other interesting effects some users experience after ingesting some of these elements, especially the monatomic (monoatomic) gold powder also known as white powder gold and gold ormus. The original website, articles, videos and illustrations are located here: Monatomics. You can purchase highly advanced ORMUS and other modern alchemy formualtions here:White Powder M-State Monoatomic High Spin Gold |
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EXAMPLE - Predicting Ion Charge:
Predict the charge or charges for the ions formed by atoms of (a) scandium, Sc, (b) gallium, Ga, and (c) sulfur, S. Write an abbreviated electron configuration for each ion and use it to explain why the ion acquires the charge it does.
Solution:
a. Because scandium is a metal in group 3 on the periodic table, we expect its atoms to lose three electrons each and form +3 cations with the stable 3s23p6 configuration of argon.
ScSc3++3e-
b. Gallium is a metal, so we expect it to form cations. It is in group 13, so we follow the guidelines for cations other than Al3+ and those in groups 1, 2, or 3. The first step is to write the abbreviated electron configuration for an uncharged gallium atom. The noble gas preceding gallium on the periodic table is argon. Gallium atoms can lose one electron to form Ga+ ions with the stable 3d104s2 configuration.
GaGa++e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Gallium atoms can also lose three electrons to form Ga3+ ions with the stable 3d10 configuration.
GaGa3++3e-
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1[Ar] 3d10
Monatomic Ion Cr3
c. Sulfur is a nonmetal, so we expect its atoms to gain electrons and form anions. Each atom gains two electrons to form a S2- ion with the stable, noble gas electron configuration of argon.
S+2e-S2-
[Ne] 3s2 3p4[Ar] or [Ne] 3s2 3p6
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Monatomic Ions Worksheet Answers
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Monatomic Ions Definition Chemistry
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